Implementation of CO2 in North American Supermarkets is currently in its infancy. Since 2006, several
systems utilizing CO2 as a low-temperature two-phase secondary coolant have been installed and started in various supermarket sizes and formats, with several more installations in progress. Significant practical information has been gained through start-up and operation of these systems relating to performance, maintenance, safety, energy consumption, and refrigerant
Implementation of CO2 in North American Supermarkets is currently in its infancy. Since 2006, several
systems utilizing CO2 as a low-temperature two-phase secondary coolant have been installed and started in various supermarket sizes and formats, with several more installations in progress. Significant practical information has been gained through start-up and operation of these systems relating to performance, maintenance, safety, energy consumption, and refrigerant charge. Customer experiences are presented, along with field comparisons indicating energy parity with conventional HFC systems. Low-temperature CO2 secondary coolant systems are most often installed in conjunction with medium-temperature secondary systems using propylene glycol; resulting impacts on refrigerant charge, leakage rates, and TEWI effects are discussed. The results of a detailed analysis of the distribution piping network is presented which focuses on impacts of material costs and piping heat gain compared to conventional direct expansion systems using HFC refrigerants. A final discussion of the future potential of CO2 systems in North America is also included.
systems utilizing CO2 as a low-temperature two-phase secondary coolant have been installed and started in various supermarket sizes and formats, with several more installations in progress. Significant practical information has been gained through start-up and operation of these systems relating to performance, maintenance, safety, energy consumption, and refrigerant charge. Customer experiences are presented, along with field comparisons indicating energy parity with conventional HFC systems. Low-temperature CO2 secondary coolant systems are most often installed in conjunction with medium-temperature secondary systems using propylene glycol; resulting impacts on refrigerant charge, leakage rates, and TEWI effects are discussed. The results of a detailed analysis of the distribution piping network is presented which focuses on impacts of material costs and piping heat gain compared to conventional direct expansion systems using HFC refrigerants. A final discussion of the future potential of CO2 systems in North America is also included.
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By shecco , published Nov 04, 2016 - 0 pages
By shecco , published Nov 04, 2016 - 0 pages